In the previous post we discussed what happens to the printed circuit board structure when it is heated. We discussed how different materials expand at different rates and the effect the expansion rates have on the warp and twist of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). We also discussed how moisture absorption can increase the degree of warp and twist and the adverse effect it has on assembly yields and potential field failures. We also discussed how dry baking removes moisture from the PCB and how it minimizes if not eliminates potential problems.

In this post we shall discuss the stabilizing effect that (more…)

Over the past 15 years we have seen some very amazing advancements in technology. Our electronic devices have become smaller, faster and more powerful. The capabilities of these new devices have brought science fiction to life for many of us. What the common consumer does not realize is that these advancements have occurred in a more destructive Lead-Free assembly process. Lead Free assembly methods consisting of higher assembly temperatures (around 260ºC) for longer dwell times at temperature along with a smaller processing window for success. The assembly methods today are challenged to not only maintain yields but to improve them. All the while cutting costs where ever possible. The desire to cut cost is where we see the result of unintended consequences.

I have been asked repeatedly by customers for my opinion on methods to improve yields. I evaluate designs and work with designers and assemblers on solutions to help them improve yields. This includes in process and post process yields. In other words build it right the first time and make sure it lasts in the field. A common question I am asked by customers is…

What is the one thing that we can do that can  improve our yields?

The answer is very simple… (more…)

In part 4 of this series of posts I discussed the effect moisture has on the printed circuit board at soldering temperatures. I explained the material properties of FR-4 laminate and how they are hygroscopic. We also covered an acceptable practice known as dry baking used to force moisture from the product just prior to being exposed to soldering temperatures. I received some very good comments and feedback regarding part 4 of this blog series. I thought it appropriate to share this feedback in another post.

With regards to sources of moisture, in part 4 of this series I comment upon a practice where some printed circuit board manufacturers shall dry bake the printed circuit boards prior to shipping them. The important thing to add here is that common packaging materials used by the industry do not act as a 100% vapor barrier. The shrink wrap film used only slows down the process of moisture absorption by the product. Moisture in the environment outside the bag shall migrate through the protective film but at a much slower rate. Things to consider are as follows… (more…)

In part 3 of this series of posts I discussed how phenolic cured laminates are mechanically weaker than their dicey cured laminate counterparts. I pointed out some of the material properties listed on the material data sheets that explain and support this point. Whereas the phenolic systems are better at thermal management, the dicey systems are better under mechanical stress. There is no right or wrong here. The systems just perform differently under different circumstances. Understanding the differences and how they relate to the applied assembly process are important to ensure success.

On this post I would like to discuss the effect moisture has on the printed circuit board. What most people don’t realize is that printed circuit boards are hygroscopic. Boards shall absorb available moisture from the surrounding environment to the point of equilibrium. The various FR-4 laminate data sheets list a Moisture Absorption value. The values are calculated in accordance with the IPC-TM-650 2.6.2.1A specification.

The 2.6.2.1A specification basically tests a solid rectangular piece of FR-4 free of copper, no holes and the edges sanded smooth. First the sample is preconditioned, aka dry baked. Immediately after dry baking, the sample is weighed. This is the dry weight. The sample is then submerged for 24 hours in Distilled Water. The sample is removed, towel dried and then weighed. This is the wet weight. The wet and dry weights are then plugged into a formula listed in the 2.6.2.1A specification to produce the Moisture Absorption value.
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